Risk Factors, Symptoms and Prevalence of Ischaemic Stroke in the Adults — A Single Centre Study

Abstract

Introduction: A stroke, classified as a serious cerebrovascular event, has the potential to impair an individual's motor capabilities and result in long-term disability. A stroke can manifest as either an ischemic or hemorrhagic event. Both forms of stroke exhibit a considerable overlap in terms of etiological variables.  Objective: The objective of this study was to determine the primary etiological factors contributing to ischemic stroke, as well as their connection and prevalence. Methods and Materials: This cross-sectional observational study was conducted at the Department of Neurology in Cox’s Bazar Medical College and Hospital, Cox’s Bazar, Bangladesh, from January 2021 to January 2022. A total of 100 diagnosed Ischaemic stroke patients were enrolled in this study.. Clinical examination and CT scan were conducted to diagnosis Ischaemic stroke. Collected data were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software, version, 23.0. The ethical clearance of this study was obtained from the Institutional Review Board of Cox’s Bazar Medical College, Cox’s Baxar, Chattogram, Bangladesh. Results: Among the 100 patients, most of the patients (49%) were 60–69 years old, whereas the lowest proportion was (1%) 40–49. The sample had (91%) male and (9%) female. The study also observed that (61%) patients were businessmen, (25%) service workers, (8%) homemakers, and (11%) professionals. Initial ischemic stroke symptoms were hemiplegia (91%), speech slurring (94%), and vision blurring (85%), which may involve amaurosis fugax, few people vomited (6%).The study observed that the pulse rate Mean and SD was 85.75 ± 9.61 and systolic blood pressure was 143.25 ± 11.89 during the general system test. Additionally, the average diastolic blood pressure was 93.9 ± 7.12. Our investigation observed  98% extensor plantar reaction and 96% brisk or excessive jerk.  The history of the patients indicated that 77% of patients smoked, (92%) had hypertension, (89%) had diabetes, 80% had a positive family history of atherosclerotic events, (85%) has sedentary lifestyle, and (95%) had uncontrolled dyslipidemia. Finally, the study investigated brain CT scan data, showing that (78%) of participants had hypodense cerebral cortical areas and (22%) did not change.  Conclusion: This study investigated, smoking, hypertension, diabetes, positive family history, atherosclerotic events, sedentary lifestyle uncontrolled dyslipidemia are the common risk factors of Ischaemic Stroke. This study also investigated hemiplegia, speech slurring, vision blurring and vomiting were the common symptoms of Ischaemic Stroke and (78%) of the study patients had hypodense cerebral cortical areas.