Prevalence and Outcome of Intracranial Artery Stenosis in Patients with Acute Ischemic Stroke in a Tertiary Care Hospital

Abstract

Introduction: A stroke, also known as a cerebrovascular accident (CVA), remains a significant contributor to mortality and morbidity in both developed and developing nations. For individuals experiencing an acute ischemic stroke, intravenous thrombolysis can help restore neurological function if given promptly, and it is advised to be administered as soon as intracranial bleeding is ruled out through CT imaging. Aim of the study: This study aimed to analyze the prevalence and clinical outcome of intracranial artery stenosis in patients with acute ischemic stroke in a tertiary care hospital. Methods and materials: This cross-sectional observational study was conducted at a Tertiary Care Hospital in Dhaka, Bangladesh from July 2021 to July 2022. This study used a purposive sampling technique to select a total of 100 patients as the study population. Data processing and analysis were conducted using MS Office tools, and a descriptive analysis approach was adopted. Result: Intracranial artery stenosis was found in 13% of patients. Besides, 36% had occlusion, and 4% had both. Most of the patients (69%) had hypertension, 72% had diabetes, and 23% had atrial fibrillation. Notably, 92.30% achieved a good outcome after early thrombolysis and thrombectomy if needed, as per the Modified Rankin Scale score. Notably, all patients achieved a good outcome after early thrombolysis, with aspirin and clopidogrel, and with surgical intervention.  Conclusion: This study highlights acute ischemic stroke related to intracranial artery stenosis. Patients often have pre-existing conditions, emphasizing risk factor management. Timely intervention, including thrombolysis and thrombectomy, leads to favorable outcomes.