The Common Coronary Artery Diseases and Their Risk Factors

Abstract

Introduction:The largest cause of cardiovascular mortality worldwide, coronary artery disease (CAD) claims more than 4.5 million lives in the developing world every year. The frequency of CAD risk factors and CAD mortality both continue to rise fast in developing countries despite a recent decline in wealthy countries. Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and chronic coronary syndrome are two clinical presentations that are caused by the dynamic nature of the CAD process (CCS). Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is further divided into ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) and non-ST elevation-acute coronary syndrome (NSTE-ACS), which includes unstable angina and non-ST elevation MI (NSTEMI) (UA). The goal of this study was to examine coronary artery disease risk factors.Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study included 124 purposively selected patients who underwent elective CAG in the Department of Cardiology, Chittagong Medical College Hospital, Chattogram, from July 2021 to June 2022. To analyze and analyze the data after the data collection period, SPSS 23.0 was employed. The Chittagong Medical College's Ethical Review Committee approved the experiment. Result: The age of the patients ranged from 32-75 years with a mean (±SD) age of 53.4 (±9.9) years. The majority of the patients (83.1%) were male with a male-to-female ratio of 4.9:1.Most prevalent conventional CAD risk factor was smoking (49.2%), followed by dyslipidemia (47.2%), hypertension (43.5%), family history of CAD (42.7%) and diabetes mellitus (41.9%).Twenty-six (21%) of the patients were on beta-blockers, and 37 (29.8%) of the patients were on statins during the study. The most common diagnosis was NSTEMI seen in 48 (38.7%) patients, the following common diagnosis was UA seen in 42 (33.9%) patients, and 34 (27.4%) patients had STEMI.Conclusion:The most prevalent risk factors included smoking, dyslipidemia, hypertension, family history of CAD, diabetes mellitus, and obesity to a lesser extent.