Impact of Lifestyle Interventions on the Management of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Abstract

Introduction: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) poses a significant health challenge globally, with its prevalence steadily increasing over the past few decades. Lifestyle factors significantly contribute to the development and progression of insulin resistance and T2DM, emphasizing the importance of targeted interventions to modify these behaviors. This study aimed to analyze the impact of lifestyle interventions on the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Methods and materials: This randomized controlled trial was conducted at the Department of Medicine, Comilla Medical College, Cumilla, Bangladesh from July 2022 to July 2023. Participants were randomly assigned to either the intervention group or the control group. All data were analyzed using statistical software packages such as SPSS.

Result: The study revealed significant improvements in glycemic control and cardiovascular risk factors over 12 months among participants with type 2 DM. Reductions were observed in mean HbA1c levels from 8.5% to 6.8%, fasting plasma glucose from 170 mg/dL to 135 mg/dL, and 2-hour postprandial glucose from 220 mg/dL to 175 mg/dL. Additionally, improvements were noted in BMI, waist circumference, total cholesterol, and triglyceride levels, alongside increased HDL cholesterol levels. Few adverse events were reported, and both physical and mental component scores of quality of life showed notable enhancements over the study period.

Conclusion: This study demonstrates the significant impact of lifestyle interventions on the management of T2DM. Through improvements in glycemic control, cardiovascular risk factors, and quality of life, the findings reinforce the importance of integrating lifestyle modifications into routine diabetes care.