Comparison of Clinical Status and Pregnancy Outcomes of Women with GDM and without GDM

Abstract

Introduction: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is abnormal glucose tolerance first diagnosed during pregnancy. This study aims to evaluate and compare the clinical status and pregnancy outcomes between women diagnosed with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and those without GDM.

Methods and materials: A retrospective cohort study was conducted, including pregnant women with and without GDM who received prenatal care at Enam Medical College and Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh between July 2022 and June 2023. Clinical data, including maternal age, gestational age at diagnosis, parity, and mode of delivery were collected. Pregnancy outcomes, such as maternal complications, hypertension, neonatal birth weight, incidence of macrosomia, and other relevant parameters, were also assessed.

Result: A total of 484 pregnant women were included in the analysis, 95 were diagnosed with GDM and 389 without GDM. Analysis of pregnancy outcomes revealed a higher incidence of cesarean section deliveries in the GDM group. Additionally, infants born to mothers with GDM had a higher risk of neonatal complications.

Conclusion: Women diagnosed with GDM demonstrated distinct clinical characteristics and experienced a higher incidence of adverse pregnancy outcomes. These findings underscore the importance of effective management and close monitoring of pregnant women with GDM to optimize maternal and neonatal health.