Surgical Management of Traumatic Spinal Cord Injuries— An Outcome Analysis

Abstract

Introduction: Surgical management of traumatic spinal cord injuries (TSCI) is crucial for stabilizing the spine, decompressing neural elements, and promoting recovery. These injuries, caused by accidents, falls, sports, and violence, often lead to significant morbidity and disability. This study aimed to evaluate the surgical management of traumatic spinal cord injuries. Methods and materials: This prospective cross-sectional study was conducted in the Combined Military Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh from January 2020 to December 2021. The study included a total of 57 patients who presented with traumatic spinal cord injuries (TSCI) and underwent surgical stabilization, selected using a purposive sampling technique. Data analysis was conducted using MS Office tools. Results: In this study, at the 24-month follow-up, 7.0% of cases were grade A, 5.3% grade B, 7.0% grade C, 22.8% grade D, and 52.6% grade E, with 5.3% mortality. Bladder emptying improved in 33% of cases, while bowel emptying improved in 20%. In the cervical group, 29.8% had static outcomes, 24.6% in the thoracic group, and 45.6% in the lumbar group. Relative recovery was seen in 24.6% of cervical, 28.6% of thoracic, and 23.1% of lumbar cases. Complete recovery occurred in 45.6% of cervical, 28.6% of thoracic, and 42.3% of lumbar cases. One individual in each group died. Conclusion: Since the baseline status of participants is a key predictor of prognosis, preventing motor vehicle accidents is crucial for reducing the disease burden. Additionally, focusing on patients with cervical SCI during hospitalization and follow-up can lower mortality rates from respiratory issues like pneumonia.