Exploring the Efficacy of Minimally Invasive Spine Fixation in Thoracolumbar Spinal Injuries

Open Access

Abstract

Background: Thoracolumbar spinal injuries pose significant challenges in orthopedic practice, often requiring surgical stabilization to restore alignment and neurological function. Minimally invasive techniques have emerged as alternatives to traditional open surgery, potentially reducing perioperative morbidity while achieving comparable outcomes. Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of minimally invasive pedicle screw fixation in thoracolumbar spinal injuries. Methods & Materials: This retrospective cohort study included patients who underwent minimally invasive pedicle screw fixation for thoracolumbar fractures between July 2023 and June 2025 at the NITOR, Bangladesh. Thirty patients were enrolled. We collected and analyzed data on demographics, injury characteristics, neurological status, surgical outcomes, and functional recovery using descriptive statistics. Results: A total of 30 patients (21 males, 9 females; mean age 35 years) were included. Most injuries resulted from falls. Fractures involved the thoracic spine in 50%, the lumbar spine in 33%, and the thoracolumbar junction in 17%. Neurological deficits were present on admission in 40%, with 75% demonstrating postoperative improvement. Mean hospital stay was 6 days. Postoperative regional sagittal alignment was satisfactory in 100% of patients (Cobb angle correction to ≤10°). At final follow-up, 90% reported no or mild pain (VAS ≤3), and 80% achieved good functional outcomes (ODI ≤20). Conclusion: Minimally invasive pedicle screw fixation is a safe and effective option for thoracolumbar spinal injuries, with outcomes comparable to open surgery and reduced perioperative morbidity. It yields rapid improvements in pain, Frankel grade, functional status, and regional sagittal alignment.