Tumour Characteristics and Histopathological Profile of Laryngeal Carcinoma Patients in DMC

Open Access

Abstract

Background: Laryngeal cancer predominantly impacts elderly men and is closely linked to the consumption of tobacco and alcohol. Cervical lymph node metastasis serves as a significant prognostic indicator associated with tumor stage, size, invasion, and differentiation, and it can happen even in cases that appear clinically node-negative. Restricted local data require additional identification of predictive elements for enhanced management. Methods & Materials: This cross-sectional study conducted at Dhaka Medical College Hospital from January -December 2019, involved 50 patients with histopathologically confirmed laryngeal carcinoma chosen purposefully. Tumor characteristics and histopathological grading were evaluated through clinical, radiological, and biopsy information. Analysis utilized SPSS v25 along with the Chi-square test (p < 0.05 significant), and ethical approval along with informed consent was secured. Results: In a study of 50 patients with laryngeal carcinoma, the majority of tumours exceeded 1 cm (74.0%) and 3 cm in thickness (58.0%), with the supraglottis being the most frequently affected area (68.0%) and moderately differentiated squamous cell carcinoma being the most common histological type (62.0%). Cervical lymph node metastasis was observed in 48.0% of instances. Tumour size, thickness, and histopathological grade showed a significant correlation with nodal metastasis (p ≤ 0.0001), with a greater occurrence in larger, thicker, and poorly differentiated tumours. Conclusion: Tumour dimensions, thickness, and histopathological grade are critical indicators of cervical lymph node metastasis in laryngeal carcinoma and are vital for proper staging and treatment.