Risk of Heart Disease in Relation to Oral Contraceptive Pills among Premenopausal Women

Abstract

Women's cardiovascular risk is under-managed, particularly during the menopausal transition, when vulnerability to cardiovascular events rises. Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death in women. The aim of the study was to assess the risk of heart disease in relation to oral contraceptive pills among pre-menopausal women. This case-control study was conducted in different chambers in Dhaka district during January 2020 to December 2020. A total of 211 participants were included for the study. Among them 106 women with HD (Heart Disease) were Group I and 105 women without HD (Heart Disease) were Group II. Respectively woman was assessed exclusively using a case sheet that include age, full medical history, past medical history (mainly hypertension), family history, smoking history& the use of oral contraceptive pill (OCP) and duration of use. Statistical analyses were done by using SPSS 19.0 for windows Inc. Mean age was 52.97 ±0.46 in women with HD and was 51.83 ±0.57 in women without HD. Women with HD age range 40-45 were 2.83% (3), age range 45-50 were 13.21% (14) and age range 50-55 were 83.96% (88). Women without HD age range 40-45 were 2.86% (3), age range 45-50 were 13.33% (14) and age range 50-55 were 83.81% (88). 82(77.36%) were women with HD and 50 (47.62%) were women without HD. Dyslipidemia 100(94.34%) were women with HD and 37(35.24%) were women without HD. of Hypertension 75(70.75%) were women with HD and 16(15.24%) were women without HD. Smoking 19(17.92%) were women with HD and 8 (7.62%) were women without HD. Family history of HD 70 (66.04%) were women with HD and 18 (17.14%) were women without HD. Use of OCP 71 (66.98%) was higher among women with HD as compared with those without HD 29 (27.62%). Duration of OCP was longer in women with HD than women without HD. P value was < 0.0001. The effect of OCP use in women with obesity 56 (59.6%) were women with HD and 21 (39.5%) were women without HD. The effect of OCP use in women with Dyslipidemia 62 (58.49%) were women with HD
and 10 (09.52%) were women without HD. This study has confirmed the aforesaid findings in which the use of OCP increase the risk of HD in premenopausal women specifically in those who already have risk factors of HD. The effect of OCP use in women with Hypertension 51(61.5%) were women with HD and 6 (35.8%) were women without HD.