Incidence and Risk Factors for Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting (PONV) in Patients Undergoing General Anesthesia

Abstract

Introduction: One of the most bothersome and persistent side effects of general anesthesia surgery for patients is postoperative nausea and vomiting, or PONV. This study aims to measure the Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) with anesthetic, surgical, and patient-related variables. Methods and materials: This observational study was conducted in the 250-bed General Hospital and the Sheikh Hasina Medical College Hospital in Jamalpur, Bangladesh between March 2023 and May 2023. There were 265 female participants and 235 male participants in the 500-person sample. Using a systematic random sample technique, all patients over 18 undergoing surgery under general anesthesia were chosen from the daily operating room list. During the first 24 hours following surgery, PONV was predicted using the Koivuranta score. Result: It was discovered that 25.6% of the study population had PONV. A correlation was found between the occurrence of PONV, female gender, and non-smoking status. Patients with a history of PONV from previous surgeries, patients undergoing general anesthesia, and patients receiving opioids during the postoperative period were found to have a higher incidence of PONV. Conclusion: Even though the institutional procedure included the administration of antiemetics (single or dual), the prevalence of PONV remained high. Our understanding of more recent antiemetics and their incorporation into PONV care guidelines needs to be updated. More research is required to examine several additional potential risk variables that could influence the prevalence of PONV.