Study on Children with Bronchiolitis — A Tertiary Care Hospital Experience

Abstract

Introduction: Bronchiolitis, an inflammation of the bronchioles, is typically viral and identified by its clinical and epidemiological traits. Predominantly caused by RSV, it affects infants seasonally, with peaks in winter and spring. It leads to significant hospitalizations in children under two, especially those with risk factors like young age, prematurity, and chronic illnesses. Aim of the study: The study aims to assess the diagnostic methods, radiological findings, and management strategies used in treating bronchiolitis, including the effectiveness of various interventions. Methods & Materials: This observational study at the Department of Pediatric, 250 Bedded General Hospital, Khulna, Bangladesh, analyzed 180 bronchiolitis cases from January 2021 to December 2021. Children under two with clinical bronchiolitis were included, excluding those with congenital heart disease, immunodeficiency, severe malnutrition, or parental refusal. Result: The study of 180 children with bronchiolitis revealed that most patients were between 2 and 6 months old, with a higher prevalence in males (62.78%) and a notable presence in both urban and rural settings. Clinical symptoms commonly included wheezing (95%) and tachypnea (85%). Risk factors such as passive smoking (31.67%) and overcrowding (27.78%) were significant. Conclusion: This study highlights that bronchiolitis predominantly affects infants under six months, with a higher incidence in males and both urban and rural settings. Key clinical symptoms include wheezing and tachypnea. Significant risk factors include passive smoking and overcrowding, aligning with existing literature.