Frequency of Patent Ductus Arteriosus in Children with Congenital Rubella Syndrome — A Study in a Tertiary Care Hospital

Abstract

Introduction: Congenital Rubella Syndrome (CRS) has long been characterized by the triad of deafness, cataracts, and cardiovascular malformations (CVMs). The frequency of Patent Ductus Arteriosus (PDA) in children with Congenital Rubella Syndrome (CRS) is a critical topic in pediatric cardiology and infectious disease research. Aim of the study: This study aimed to assess the frequency of Patent Ductus Arteriosus (PDA) among children with Congenital Rubella Syndrome (CRS). Methods and Materials: This cross-sectional observational study was conducted at the Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Combined Military Hospital (CMH), Dhaka, Bangladesh, from June 2020 to June 2021. A purposive sampling technique was adopted. A total of 50 cases with CRS were selected as the study population. Data were collected and processed, and subsequent analysis and reporting were conducted using MS Office tools. Result: Among the total participants, 98% were IgG-positive and 48% were IgM-positive. Out of the 50 study patients, seven cases (14.0%) were diagnosed with pure PDA (Patent Ductus Arteriosus) without any other associated abnormalities. The remaining patients exhibited various combinations of PDA and other cardiac abnormalities. Specifically, thirteen patients (26.0%) were found to have normal cardiac anatomy without any significant abnormalities. Conclusion: Among children with suspected congenital rubella syndrome (CRS), cardiovascular malformations are common. Patent Ductus Arteriosus was found in more than two-thirds of children with congenital heart disease, either occurring in isolation or combination with other congenital heart diseases.