Assessment of aetiological, clinical and electrophysiological profile of peripheral neuropathy and their correlation in a tertiary care center

Open Access

Abstract

Background: Peripheral neuropathy is a prevalent neurological condition in clinical practice. Proper examination and management need a sequential approach because to its varying appearance and multiple causes. Neuropathies can be classified into subtypes and etiologies based on clinical observations, electro diagnostic testing, and laboratory studies customized to each patient.  The study aims to investigate the clinical characteristics, etiology, and electrophysiological profile of peripheral neuropathy at a tertiary care hospital. Methods & Materials: The study examined 70 cases of chronic peripheral neuropathy treated at the Department of Neurology at Shaheed Ziaur Rahman Medical College & Hospital in Bogura, Bangladesh, over a 12-month period (June 2024 to May 2025). The study included a detailed examination of the presenting complaint, clinical examination, electrophysiological studies, and other relevant findings. Data were examined using the statistical software SPSS 20.0. Results: Patients were 18–75 years old, with male predominance (M: F = 2.4:1). Most had polyneuropathy (68.6%), predominantly affecting both upper and lower limbs (85.8%) with axonal (60%) or demyelinating (40%) patterns. Etiologies included immune-mediated causes, diabetes, CIDP, infections, hereditary, alcohol, and others. Sensory-motor involvement was most common (54.3%), while pure motor neuropathies were rare (1.2%). Conclusion: Peripheral neuropathy is more frequent in men aged 30-70. The majority have distal symmetrical motor sensory polyneuropathy. Diabetes is the leading cause of chronic peripheral neuropathy, followed by immune-mediated neuropathy. Hansen's neuropathy is a common infectious neuropathy.