The Prevalence of Cataracts in a Diabetic Population – A Clinical Study

Open Access

Abstract

Background: Diabetes mellitus is a major metabolic disorder with multisystem complications, among which cataract formation is a leading cause of vision impairment. Understanding the ocular burden in diabetic populations is crucial for preventive ophthalmology and public health planning. Objective: To determine the prevalence of cataracts and analyze their associated risk factors among diabetic patients. Methods & Materials: This prospective cross-sectional study was conducted from January 2023 to December 2024 at the Department of Ophthalmology, Barind Medical College, Rajshah. A purposive sample of 87 diabetic patients was enrolled in this study. All participants underwent a detailed ophthalmological examination for cataract diagnosis and grading. Data on sociodemographic profile, diabetic history, glycemic control (HbA1c), and hypertension status were collected. Data analysis was performed using MS Excel and Word, with results detailed in six comprehensive tables. Results: The prevalence of cataract was 75.9% (66/87). A significant association was found with increasing age (p<0.001), longer diabetes duration (p=0.001), and poor glycemic control (p=0.003). Posterior subcapsular cataract was the most common type (42.6%). Socioeconomic status was also a significant factor (p=0.032), with the highest prevalence in the low-income group. Hypertension, however, was not significantly associated (p=0.541). Conclusion: The study reveals a high cataract prevalence strongly linked to age, diabetes duration, and poor glycemic control. Integrated annual ophthalmic screening and stringent glycemic management are crucial to prevent vision loss in this diabetic population.