Comparative Study of Chronic Gingivitis among Adults Attending at Rajshahi Medical College Hospital

Open Access

Abstract

Background: Chronic gingivitis, a common plaque-induced gum inflammation, is marked by redness, swelling, and bleeding without tissue loss. Its prevalence is influenced by age, gender, oral hygiene, and socioeconomic factors. This study aimed to assess its prevalence and associated risk factors among adults attending Rajshahi Medical College Hospital. Methods & Materials: A cross-sectional study of 150 adults was conducted at Rajshahi Medical College Hospital from January 2025 to December 2025. Data on demographics, oral habits, and hygiene were collected via questionnaire, and gingivitis was clinically assessed and graded. Analysis was done using SPSS, and ethical approval and consent were obtained. Results: Among 150 adults, most were >40 years (39.3%) and male (58.7%). Oral habits showed 64.0% had never visited a dentist, 28.0% smoked, 38.7% chewed betel nut, and 30.7% used tobacco. More than half of the participants reported brushing their teeth once per day (54.7%), with the majority using a toothbrush and toothpaste (64.0%). Nearly half (48.0%) spent 1–2 minutes on each brushing session. Chronic gingivitis was present in 65.3%, mostly mild (44.9%) or moderate (36.7%). Prevalence was higher in older adults, males, and those with lower education. Smoking, tobacco use, infrequent dental visits, and inadequate brushing were significantly associated with gingivitis. Conclusion: Chronic gingivitis affected 65.3% of adults, mostly mild to moderate. Higher prevalence was associated with older age, male sex, lower education, smoking, tobacco use, infrequent dental visits, and poor brushing habits. These findings underscore the need for oral health education, behavioral change, and regular dental check-ups to prevent and manage gingivitis.