Metastasis in Carcinoma of The Stomach, Correlation with Tumour Size and Histological Type & Grade

Open Access

Abstract

Background: Gastric carcinoma is a major cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. Its incidence and clinical behavior vary according to tumor size, histological type, and tumor grade. Understanding the relationship between these tumor characteristics and the occurrence of distant metastasis is essential for improving prognosis assessment and guiding treatment strategies. This study assessed the association of tumor size, histological type, and grade with distant metastasis in gastric carcinoma. Methods & Materials: This cross-sectional study at Mymensingh Medical College Hospital, Bangladesh, from September 2013 to February 2014 included 50 gastric carcinoma patients selected through purposive sampling, with diagnoses confirmed by endoscopy and barium meal. Data on on clinical presentation, tumor characteristics, histology, and surgical outcomes was collected using a structured questionnaire. SPSS version 26 was used for statistical analysis, including descriptive stats, Chi-square, and t-tests, with significance at p < 0.05. Results: Most patients were male (70%), with a mean age of 54.36 years. The predominant tumor type was ulcerative (72%), and intestinal-type carcinoma (56%) was most frequently observed. The study demonstrated a significant correlation between tumor size and metastasis, with larger tumors (>5 cm) exhibiting higher metastasis rates, particularly to the liver, peritoneum, omentum, and in cases involving ascites. Diffuse-type and poorly differentiated tumors showed a higher rate of distant metastasis. The most frequently performed surgery was partial gastrectomy with gastrojejunostomy (52%). Conclusion: Tumor size, histological type, and grade are important prognostic indicators in gastric carcinoma, with larger, poorly differentiated, and diffuse-type tumors being more prone to metastasize. These findings highlight the need for early detection and individualized treatment approaches. Further research on targeted therapies for aggressive tumor subtypes is warranted.