Comparative Evaluation of Platelet-Rich Fibrin (PRF) and Bone Graft in the Treatment of Periodontal Intrabony Defects

Open Access

Abstract

Background: Periodontal intrabony defects are a major cause of tooth loss, and their regeneration remains a clinical challenge. Platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) and bone grafts are widely used regenerative modalities due to their potential to stimulate healing and bone formation. Objective: This study aimed to comparatively evaluate the clinical and radiographic outcomes of PRF and bone grafts in the treatment of intrabony defects, with a focus on growth factor-mediated regeneration, long-term outcomes, and cost-effectiveness. Methods & Materials: A total of 22 patients with chronic periodontitis exhibiting intrabony defects were enrolled. Patients were randomly assigned to either the PRF group (n=11) or bone graft group (n=11). Clinical parameters, including probing pocket depth (PPD), clinical attachment level (CAL), and gingival index (GI), were recorded at baseline, 3 months, 6 months, and 12 months. Radiographic bone fill was evaluated using standardized periapical radiographs and digital imaging. Results: Both PRF and bone graft groups showed significant improvement in PPD reduction and CAL gain (p<0.05). Radiographic analysis demonstrated greater bone fill in the bone graft group (mean 65%) compared to the PRF group (mean 52%) at 12 months. PRF exhibited enhanced soft tissue healing and reduced postoperative discomfort. Cost-effectiveness analysis favored PRF due to lower material cost and chair time. Conclusion: PRF and bone grafts are effective in periodontal regeneration of intrabony defects. PRF offers additional advantages in soft tissue healing and cost-effectiveness, while bone grafts achieve slightly superior radiographic bone fill. Clinicians may tailor regenerative therapy based on defect morphology, patient preference, and economic considerations.