Fetomaternal Outcome of Rhesus Negative Patients

Open Access

Abstract

Background: Rh incompatibility may cause maternal alloimmunization and hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn (HDFN), potentially leading to fetal and neonatal complications. Despite effective Anti-D prophylaxis, Rh-negative pregnancy remains an important obstetric concern. This study evaluated fetomaternal outcomes among Rh-negative pregnant women. Methods & Materials: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 50 Rh-negative pregnant women at Sir Salimullah Medical College & Mitford Hospital, Dhaka, from January to December 2025. Participants were selected by purposive sampling. Data on obstetric history, antenatal care, Anti-D prophylaxis, maternal complications, mode of delivery, and fetal/neonatal outcomes were collected and analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS). Ethical approval, informed consent, and confidentiality were ensured. Results: Among 5,000 obstetric patients screened, 4% were Rh-negative. Among the 50 participants, 60% were multigravida and 80% had booked antenatal care. Antibody titre was undetectable in 86%, while 10% had detectable antibodies. A-negative and O-negative were the commonest maternal blood groups (30% each). Term delivery occurred in 86% of pregnancies, and 84% resulted in healthy babies. Neonatal jaundice and intrauterine growth restriction occurred in 4% each, while no hydrops fetalis was observed. Anaemia was the commonest maternal complication (14%). Caesarean section was performed in 56% of cases, and 76% received postpartum Anti-D prophylaxis. Conclusion: Rh-negative pregnancies generally showed favourable maternal and fetal outcomes. However, improved antenatal antibody screening, regular monitoring, and timely Anti-D prophylaxis are needed to reduce alloimmunization and associated maternal, fetal, and neonatal complications.