Lifestyle interventions and their impact on PCOS management

Open Access

Abstract

Background: Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) impacts 5-15% of females, leading to hormonal disruptions, insulin resistance, and difficulties in reproduction. Although combined lifestyle changes (diet and physical activity) enhance results, research is scarce in the context of Bangladesh. This research focuses on that gap by assessing how these lifestyle changes affect PCOS management specifically in Bangladesh. Methods & Materials: This planned interventional research (October 2024-September 2025) at Bangabandhu Medical University in Bangladesh involved 220 women (ages 18-35) diagnosed with PCOS using the Rotterdam criteria. Participants underwent lifestyle changes that included dietary adjustments, physical activity, and counseling. Outcomes (BMI, menstrual regularity, HOMA-IR, and hormonal profile) were evaluated at baseline and after 3 months. Data analysis was conducted with SPSS v25, deeming p<0.05 as significant. Results: Among 220 women diagnosed with PCOS (average age 24.8 ± 4.6 years), 68.2% were categorized as overweight or obese, presenting prevalent menstrual irregularities and hyperandrogenism. Out of the 198 who finished the follow-up, 68.7% demonstrated good adherence. After 6 months, notable advancements were noted: weight (−4.6 kg), BMI (−1.8 kg/m²), waist size (−5.8 cm), and ≥5% weight reduction (59.1%, p < 0.05). Menstrual regularity enhanced in 67.5%, with cycle length reducing from 45.2 ± 12.6 to 32.8 ± 6.4 days. Metabolic, hormonal, and clinical results also enhanced, particularly in the high-adherence group. Conclusion: A six-month lifestyle intervention greatly enhanced weight, metabolic, hormonal, and menstrual results in women with PCOS. Increased adherence correlated with enhanced benefits, emphasizing lifestyle changes as a successful primary management approach.