Cardiovascular Outcomes of Patients Infected with COVID19: A 150Case Observational Study

Open Access

Abstract

Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID19) is associated with a spectrum of cardiovascular complications. The mechanisms include direct myocardial injury, systemic inflammation, coagulopathy and endothelial dysfunction. This study analyzes cardiovascular outcomes among 150 hospitalized patients with confirmed COVID19 infection. Methods & Materials: A retrospective observational cohort study was conducted among 150 adult patients admitted to the 250 Bedded General Hospital, Gopalganj, Bangladesh, between 1 July 2020 and 31 December 2020. Demographic characteristics, clinical features, laboratory findings, cardiovascular events, treatment modalities and clinical outcomes were collected from patients medical records. The primary outcome was incidence of cardiovascular events including myocardial infarction, arrhythmia, heart failure exacerbation and thromboembolic complications. Secondary outcomes included inhospital mortality, ICU admission, and length of stay. Results: The mean age was 61.9±14.7 years; 58% male. Hypertension (51%), diabetes mellitus (42%), and preexisting cardiovascular disease (CVD) (36%) were common comorbidities. Cardiovascular events occurred in 43% (n=64). Acute myocardial injury was seen in 27% (n=41), arrhythmias in 18% (n=27), and thromboembolic events in 14% (n=21). Patients with cardiovascular events had significantly higher mortality (35% vs 9%, p<0.001) and longer ICU stays. Multivariate analysis identified age ≥65, elevated troponin I, Ddimer >1,000 ng/mL and prior CVD as independent predictors of adverse outcomes. Conclusion: Cardiovascular complications are frequent in hospitalized COVID19 patients and are associated with worse prognosis. Early detection and vigilant cardiovascular monitoring are crucial to optimize outcomes.