Evaluation of Risk Factors and Maternal Outcome of Placenta Praevia

Open Access

Abstract

Background: Abnormal placental implantation in the lower uterine segment is the hallmark of placenta praevia, a serious obstetric complication that poses serious risks to the health of both the mother and the fetus. Increased maternal morbidity and mortality are linked to the condition, especially through antepartum and postpartum hemorrhage. This study aimed to assess associated risk factors and maternal outcomes to enhance clinical strategies. Methods & Materials: This prospective study was carried out at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Rangpur Medical College, from January to December 2018. A total of 100 pregnant women admitted after 28 weeks of gestation were purposively selected, consisting of 50 participants diagnosed with placenta praevia (Group A) and 50 without placenta praevia (Group B). Data collection employed pre-tested structured questionnaires and follow-up forms. Statistical analysis on SPSS version 26, with a significance at p < 0.05. Results: Maternal age over 30 years exhibited a significant correlation with placenta previa (76% vs 20%, p=0.001). A history of cesarean section was identified as a significant risk factor (64% vs 34%, p=0.010), in conjunction with a history of dilation and curettage (60% vs 36%, p=0.003). Women with placenta praevia exhibited markedly elevated rates of cesarean delivery (68% vs 40%, p=0.005), primary postpartum hemorrhage (20% vs 4%, p=0.001), and the necessity for blood transfusion (96% vs 10%, p=0.001). Maternal mortality was exclusively noted in the placenta praevia cohort (8% vs 0%, p=0.041). Conclusion: Placenta praevia is closely linked to uterine instrumentation, prior caesarean sections, and advanced maternal age. Due to hemorrhage, the condition significantly raises maternal morbidity, requiring surgical delivery and blood transfusions. Improving maternal outcomes requires early risk factor identification and suitable management practices.