Study on Outcome in Patients with Pre-eclampsia in DMCH

Open Access

Abstract

Introduction: Pre-eclampsia (PE) is new-onset hypertension after 20 weeks’ gestation with proteinuria, maternal organ dysfunction, or uteroplacental issues. Diagnosis requires blood pressure ≥140/90 mmHg plus one additional sign. PE is a leading cause of maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality. This study evaluates outcomes in affected patients. Methods & Materials: It was a cross-sectional study carried out in the Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology in Dhaka Medical College & Hospital, Dhaka, during the period of July to December 2015. A total of 60 pre-eclamptic women who were admitted during the study period were included in this study. Result: Among 60 pregnancies, 56.7% of mothers had no complications, while eclampsia occurred in 18.3%, postpartum haemorrhage in 11.7%, HELLP syndrome, retinal detachment, and acute renal failure each in 3.3%, and pulmonary oedema and stroke each in 1.7%. Of the neonates, 83.3% were live born (65.0% term, 18.3% preterm), with 11.7% requiring NICU care; stillbirths and intrauterine deaths occurred in 6.7% and 10.0%, respectively. APGAR scores ≤7 were observed in 41.7% at one minute and 28.3% at five minutes. Birth weight was 1.5–2 kg in 15.0%, 2–2.5 kg in 30.0%, and >2.5 kg in 55.0% (mean 2.35±0.35 kg). Among live-born infants, 34.0% had IUGR, 22.0% were premature, 18.0% developed ARDS, 14.0% had infections, 6.0% jaundice, 4.0% cerebral palsy, 2.0% necrotizing enterocolitis, and 34.0% had no complications. Conclusion: Preeclampsia significantly increases maternal complications and low birth weight. Enhancing public awareness, educating health workers, and improving socio-economic conditions can improve maternal and neonatal outcomes.