Socioeconomic Determinants of Appropriate Infant and Young Child Feeding Practices in Northern Bangladesh

Open Access

Abstract

Background: Infant and young child feeding (IYCF) practices are essential for optimal growth, development, and nutritional health during the first two years of life. Feeding practices may vary according to socioeconomic conditions, maternal education, household resources, and access to health services. Aim of the study: To assess the socioeconomic determinants of appropriate IYCF practices among children aged 6-24 months in Northern Bangladesh. Methods & Materials: This cross-sectional observational study included 314 mother-child pairs. Sociodemographic, socioeconomic, feeding-related, and health-service information was collected using a structured interviewer-administered questionnaire. IYCF practices were assessed based on breastfeeding, meal frequency, minimum dietary diversity, and minimum acceptable diet. Associations were assessed using chi-square or Fisher's exact tests and multivariable binary logistic regression. Adjusted odds ratios (AORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated, with p<0.05 considered significant. Result: Overall, 42.4% of children demonstrated appropriate IYCF practice. Breastfeeding was initiated within 1 hour in 68.2%, colostrum was given to 81.8%, and exclusive breastfeeding for 6 months was reported in 64.0%. Age-appropriate meal frequency and minimum dietary diversity were achieved by 69.7% and 53.8%, respectively, while 42.4% achieved the minimum acceptable diet. In multivariable analysis, children aged 12-24 months (AOR 1.84, 95% CI 1.08-3.14; p=0.025), urban residence (AOR 1.67, 95% CI 1.03-2.71; p=0.038), higher maternal education, and greater household wealth were independently associated with appropriate IYCF practice. IYCF counselling, dietary diversity knowledge, ≥4 ANC visits, and timely health-facility access were also significantly associated. Conclusion: Less than half of the children achieved appropriate IYCF practices, particularly complementary feeding indicators. Socioeconomic conditions, maternal education, and access to nutrition-related services were important factors associated with feeding practices.