Problems and Immediate Outcome of The Infants of Diabetic Mothers - A Hospital Based Study

Résumé

Background: Maternal diabetes, including gestational and pregestational diabetes, is a significant contributor to adverse perinatal outcomes, affecting both mothers and their infants. This study aimed to evaluate the problems and immediate outcomes of the infants of diabetic mothers. Methods & Materials: This was a hospital-based cross-sectional study conducted at the Department of Pediatric, Noakhali Medical College, Noakhali, Bangladesh, from January 2022 to January 2023. The study aimed to assess the impact of maternal diabetes, including gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and pregestational diabetes mellitus (PGDM), on neonatal outcomes. Data were entered and analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 22.0. Descriptive statistics summarized demographic and clinical characteristics, with categorical variables expressed as frequencies and percentages. Result: The majority of diabetic mothers (69.9%) were aged between 16 and 25 years, with gestational diabetes mellitus (54.4%) being more prevalent than pregestational diabetes mellitus (45.6%). Male infants were slightly predominant (61.2%). Intra-natal complications included birth asphyxia (21.3%) and birth trauma (10.7%), while postnatal complications like poor feeding (22.3%), hypoglycemia (21%), and hyperbilirubinemia (24%) were common. Infants of mothers with pregestational diabetes were more likely to be large for gestational age (34%) compared to those with gestational diabetes (14.3%), a statistically significant difference (p = 0.038). Conclusion: Maternal diabetes, particularly pregestational diabetes, strongly influences neonatal outcomes, with pregestational diabetes associated with higher rates of macrosomia and related complications. Poor feeding and infection risks further compounded neonatal morbidity.