Pregnancy Outcomes in Ultrasound-diagnosed Placenta Previa Cases with Prior Cesarean - A Tertiary Hospital Study

Abstract

Introduction: Placenta previa, where the placenta implants near or over the cervical opening, can cause complications like maternal hemorrhage and adverse neonatal outcomes. Prior cesarean delivery significantly increases its risk, emphasizing the importance of careful antenatal monitoring and timely management. This study aimed to evaluate pregnancy outcomes in cases of ultrasound-diagnosed placenta previa with a history of cesarean delivery. Methods and materials: A cross-sectional, observational study was conducted from January 2020 to December 2021 in the Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology of ABC Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh. A total of 47 women with ultrasound-diagnosed placenta previa with a history of cesarean delivery were enrolled purposively. Data were analyzed by using MS Office tools. Results: Among 47 women with ultrasound-diagnosed placenta previa and prior cesarean delivery, 89% delivered via cesarean section. Postpartum hemorrhage occurred in 31%, and placenta accreta was identified in 25%, leading to hysterectomy in 6%. Neonatal outcomes showed 43% low birth weight, with 6% neonatal mortality, primarily due to prematurity and placental insufficiency. Conclusion: Placenta previa in patients with a history of cesarean delivery poses significant risks to maternal and neonatal health. Early diagnosis and multidisciplinary management are essential to optimize outcomes.