Prevalence and Risk Factors of Umbilical Hernia among Female Patients Attending in A Tertiary Hospital

Open Access

Abstract

Background: An umbilical hernia occurs when abdominal contents bulge out at the navel, frequently observed in adult women because of pregnancy, obesity, or ongoing straining. Diagnosis is made clinically, imaging is used for confirmation if necessary, and surgical treatment is employed, as complications may arise if left unaddressed. This study seeks to fill the gap in gender-specific data among adults in Bangladesh. Methods & Materials: This cross-sectional research conducted at Shikder Women’s Medical College Hospital (Jan–Dec 2025) involved 420 consenting women aged 18 years or older. Information regarding demographics, obstetric background, and risk factors was gathered through interviews and clinical assessments, including BMI measurement. Analysis employed SPSS-26 and Chi-square tests (p < 0.05). Approval for ethical standards and the confidentiality of participants were guaranteed. Results: Among 420 women, most were 40–49 years (29.5%), rural residents (58.8%), and housewives (70.5%). Umbilical hernia was found in 14.8%. Common risk factors included heavy lifting, chronic constipation, obesity, prior abdominal surgery, and chronic cough. Hernia was significantly associated with obesity, heavy lifting, chronic cough, chronic constipation, and multiparity (≥3 children), indicating these as key contributors in this population. Conclusion: Umbilical hernia impacted 14.8% of participants and showed a significant correlation with obesity, heavy lifting, chronic cough, chronic constipation, and multiparity, emphasizing the importance of modifiable and physiological risk factors in preventing it.