Clinicopathological Profile of Head Neck Cancer in A Tertiary Care Hospital

Open Access

Abstract

Background: Cancers of the head and neck represent a significant worldwide health concern, primarily impacting men above 50 years old, with tobacco, alcohol, and betel chewing being major risk contributors. The most prevalent variety is squamous cell carcinoma, whereas lymphomas and sarcomas occur with less regularity. This study examines clinicopathological characteristics to enhance diagnosis and treatment. Methods: This retrospective analysis at Bangladesh Medical University (July 2023–June 2025) involved 80 patients diagnosed with head and neck cancer. Information regarding demographics, risk factors, tumor location, histology, and stage was gathered from medical records and evaluated using SPSS v26. Approval for ethical considerations was secured, and confidentiality was upheld. Results: The majority of patients were men (71.2%) within the age range of 51–60 years (33.8%). The frequent risk factors were smoking (53.8%) and the use of smokeless tobacco (48.8%). The most common tumor location was the oral cavity (36.2%), where squamous cell carcinoma was the most prevalent (83.8%). The majority of cases were shown at later stages (Stage III–IV, 75%). Conclusion: Cancers of the head and neck primarily impact middle-aged males, frequently affect the oral cavity, are typically squamous cell carcinoma, and often appear at advanced stages, highlighting the importance of early diagnosis.