Assessment of Glycosylated Fibronectin Level in Maternal Serum at 10-15 Weeks as a Predictor of Preeclampsia

Open Access

Abstract

Background: Preeclampsia is a major contributor to maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality, particularly in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). The early identification of at-risk women remains a clinical priority. Glycosylated fibronectin, a marker of endothelial dysfunction, has emerged as a potential early biomarker. Objective: This study aimed to assess maternal serum glycosylated fibronectin levels at 10–15 weeks of gestation as a predictor of preeclampsia. Methods & Materials: This prospective cohort study was conducted at the Dhaka Medical College Hospital from July 2021 to June 2022. A total of 115 pregnant women with viable singleton pregnancies were enrolled between 10 and 15 weeks of gestation. Maternal serum glycosylated fibronectin levels were measured using ELISA. The participants were followed up until delivery to monitor the development of preeclampsia. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 25.0. Results: Twelve women (10.4%) developed preeclampsia and the mean serum glycosylated fibronectin levels were significantly higher in women who developed preeclampsia than in those who did not (260.58 ± 79.01 vs. 115.84 ± 61.62 µg/ml; p < 0.001). A cut-off value of 261.5 µg/ml yielded a sensitivity of 83.3%, specificity of 91.3% and AUC of 0.912. Conclusion: Elevated maternal serum glycosylated fibronectin levels in early pregnancy are strong predictors of preeclampsia. Its use as an early screening biomarker may improve risk stratification and enable the timely implementation of preventive strategies.