Analysis of Biochemical and Hematological Parameters of Chronic Kidney Disease Patients with Hemodialysis

Open Access

Abstract

Background: Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) poses a significant public health burden worldwide, especially in low- and middle-income countries like Bangladesh. Hemodialysis (HD), the most common renal replacement therapy in the region, is associated with a wide range of biochemical and hematological disturbances that impact patient outcomes. Aim of the study: To evaluate and compare biochemical and hematological parameters in CKD patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis with healthy controls to identify key abnormalities for better clinical management. Methods & Materials: A cross-sectional analytical study was conducted at Dhaka Medical College Hospital from October 2018 to September 2019 involving 90 participants: 45 CKD patients on hemodialysis and 45 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. Various biochemical, hematological, and liver enzyme parameters were analyzed using standardized laboratory methods. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS v22.0, with a p-value ≤ 0.05 considered significant. Result: Significant differences were observed between the case and control groups in several parameters. CKD patients showed elevated levels of creatinine, urea, phosphate, and ALP, and reduced calcium levels. Hematological analysis revealed lower hemoglobin, hematocrit, red blood cell count, platelet count, and total leukocyte count. Liver enzymes ALT and AST were significantly lower in CKD patients, while ALP was markedly higher (p < 0.001 for all). Conclusion: CKD patients on hemodialysis experience profound biochemical and hematological alterations, underscoring the need for routine monitoring to improve patient outcomes and inform treatment strategies.