Study of course of Deformity in Dorsolumbar Spinal Injuries Managed by Internal Fixation

Open Access

Abstract

Background: Dorsolumbar spinal injuries are a major cause of morbidity and disability, often leading to progressive spinal deformity despite surgical stabilization. Internal fixation aims to restore stability and correct deformity; however, loss of correction over time remains a concern. Aim of the study: To assess the progression of spinal deformity in patients with dorsolumbar spinal injuries managed by posterior short-segment pedicle screw fixation. Methods & Materials: This retrospective study included 12 patients with dorsolumbar spinal trauma treated surgically. Cobb's angle and anterior wedge compression angle were measured preoperatively, postoperatively, and at follow-up. Neurological status (Frankel grading) and functional outcomes (Oswestry Disability Index) were also evaluated. Data were analyzed using Student's t-test and regression analysis. Result: Mean Cobb's angle improved from 20.95° preoperatively to 10.1° postoperatively but increased to 17.7° at follow-up (p=0.0001). A similar trend was observed in anterior wedge compression angle (p=0.001). Neurological status improved in most patients, while some experienced residual deficits. Functional outcomes varied, with higher disability scores in patients with severe deformity or neurological impairment. Conclusion: Posterior short-segment fixation significantly corrects deformity initially; however, partial loss of correction occurs over time. Progressive kyphosis and variable functional outcomes highlight the necessity for careful surgicalplanning, optimal sagittal alignment restoration, and long-term follow-up to prevent deformity progression.