Effect of Anemia on Maternal and Fetal Outcome at Delivery

Abstract

Background: In impoverished nations, anemia during pregnancy correlates to a bad outcome for both mother and child. It is also a significant cause of maternal mortality. Objective: This study aims to determine the effect of anemia on the maternal and fetal outcomes at the delivery period of the Bangladeshi population. Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 270 patients in the Gynaecology Department of Jalalabad Ragib Rabeya Medical College Hospital, Sylhet Bangladesh, from January 2019 to December 2020. Details and data were obtained from the medical records section, and then these were analyzed. All patients having anemia were included, and fetomaternal outcomes were measured. Results: Here, a maximum (46.7%) of patients were between 20-24 years of age. 38.9% of patients were illiterate, 61.9% of patients were housewives. Maximum patients (32%) had pregnancy-induced hypertension, 16% had post-partum haemorrhage, 5% had abruption placentae, 19% had infection, 27% had a mode of delivery C/S, and 17% needed ICU admission, and 2% maternal death occurred. Here, 81 children had low birth weight, and 39 children were premature. 45.9% of patients had ANC visits below three months, 34.1% had diseases, and 64.4% had adequate iron and folic acid supplementation. Conclusion: The prevalence of anemia in pregnant women is relatively high. It can be minimized with enough iron and folic acid supplements and enhanced with adequate ANC treatment. It is necessary to raise public knowledge about pre-pregnancy haemoglobin levels and the necessity of prenatal check-ups. Hospitals should also take steps for anemia prevention, early detection, and treatment at priority basis during pregnancy.