Assessment of Risk Factors and In-Hospital Outcomes of Management of Prolapse Lumbar Intervertebral Disc

Abstract

Introduction: A prolapsed lumbar intervertebral disc, often referred to as a lumbar disc herniation or slipped disc, is a prevalent spinal condition characterized by the protrusion of the soft, gel-like center of a disc in the lumbar (lower back) region of the spine through a tear or weakened area in the disc's outer layer. This can result in adjacent nerve compression, leading to pain and other associated symptoms. Several factors can increase the probability of developing a PLID including age, occupation, obesity, smoking, inappropriate lifting techniques, trauma/injury, and degenerative disc disease. Objective: The main objective of our study is to evaluate the risk factors of PLID and their prevalence and best suitable surgical outcome. Methods & Materials: This cross-sectional observational study comprises 110 patients admitted to the orthopedic ward in holy family medical college hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh from January 2022 to January 2023. Results: In our study, the majority of participants were male (29.09%) and aged between 38-47 years. The primary occupation of the participants was businessmen (43.64%). The primary factor identified in our study was trauma or injury, accounting for 65.45% of cases. Microdiscectomy was performed in 54.55% of patients, and infection emerged as the primary postoperative complication, affecting 35% of patients. Conclusion: Adopting a balanced lifestyle, keeping to proper posture, and promptly seeking medical assistance for back pain or discomfort are crucial measures for minimizing the risk and effectively managing the illness. Microdiscectomy is a surgical treatment that aims at reducing the symptoms caused by a prolapsed lumbar intervertebral disc, using a minimally invasive approach. When compared to traditional discectomy and fenestration, micro-discectomy resulted in a shorter length of stay in the hospital and a lower incidence of complications in a selected group of patients.