Pattern of Neonatal Morbidity and Mortality Admitted in Combined Military Hospital, Cumilla

Abstract

Background: Four million newborn babies die worldwide in the neonatal period. In Bangladesh 30 per 1000 live birth neonatal deaths occur every year. The aim of this study was to determine the morbidity and mortality pattern of neonates admitted to a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) of Combined Military Hospital (CMH), Cumilla.

Methods and meterials: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 796 neonates admitted at NICU of Combined Military Hospital, Cumilla during the period of July 2018 to June 2019. Informed written consent was taken from legal guardians of the neonates.

Results: Majority i.e. 122(15.34%) developed septicemia followed by birth asphyxia 106(13.30%), hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) 108(13.59%), neonatal jaundice (NNJ) 84(10.57%), prematurity 65(8.19%), respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) 20(2.54%), meconium aspiration syndrome (MAS) 67(8.46%), transient tachypnea of neonate (TTN) 70(8.76%), low birth weight (LBW) 46(5.77%), intra uterine growth retardation (IUGR) 20(2.47%), congenital anomalies 14(1.81%), meningitis 9(1.15%), seizure disorder 5(0.68%) and others. The disease wise mortality among the neonates admitted to NICU found that prematurity were 7(35.75%), septicemia 2(6.67%), birth asphyxia 7(21.70%), meconium aspiration syndrome 2(11.44%) and respiratory distress syndrome 2(35.87%), low birth weight 3(24.40%) congenital anomalies 1(23.66%) the top major contributors to the neonatal mortality.

Conclusion: The commonest causes of admission were neonatal jaundice (NNJ), sepsis, prematurity, meconium aspiration syndrome, birth asphyxia, low birth weight, congenital anomalies. The most common cause of case fatality was prematurity, meconium aspiration syndrome, birth asphyxia, low birth weight, congenital anomalies in NICU of Combined Military Hospital, Cumilla, Bangladesh.